Contributor

According to the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) survey, approximately 19.3 million people have a <a href="https://alcoholrehab.com/drug-addiction/">substance use disorder</a> (SUD) in the United States.1 Of those with an SUD in the past year, 71.1% had a past year alcohol use disorder, 40.7% had an illicit drug use disorder, and 11.8% had both.1

Though there may be a growing awareness of the need for accessible treatment options to address our country’s pervasive issue of substance use disorders, a staggeringly small percentage of people actually utilize these services.

Among people with an SUD aged 12 or older in 2019, only 1.5% received any treatment in the past year.1 Thankfully, however, even at its most severe—with professional treatment and ongoing recovery efforts—addiction may be effectively managed.2 For example, studies on alcohol use disorders have shown that 1 year post treatment, 1/3 have fewer alcohol-related problems and others substantially reduce their drinking.3

While it may feel overwhelming, getting help for substance abuse is the best thing you can do for you or a loved one struggling with drugs and/or alcohol. Addiction treatment can take place in a number of settings. When considering the different inpatient options, there are several residential program types with various lengths of stay. Learn more about inpatient treatment, what happens within it, and how drug and alcohol rehab can help people recover.
<h2>How Is Addiction Is Treated?</h2>
Addiction is a treatable, yet chronic medical condition characterized by a the compulsive <a href="https://alcoholrehab.com/alcoholism/">use of drugs and/or alcohol</a> despite experiencing significant negative consequences due to such use.4

Addiction affects a person on many levels. Addiction development may be accompanied by characteristic physical and chemical changes in the brain, which may reinforce the compulsive nature of the disease.5,6 Left unmanaged, addiction may become progressively debilitating to a person’s health and lifestyle.5,6

Therefore, it is important that substance abuse treatment addresses not only the factors that contributed to the addiction, but the consequences of that addiction as well. Many effective substance abuse treatment strategies are built around some of the below key principles:2
<ul>
 	<li>There isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach to treatment; recovery plans should be tailored to each individual.</li>
 	<li>Effective treatment should address not only substance use, but additional needs such as social, medical, and mental health issues.</li>
 	<li>Treatment plans should be reviewed and modified, as needed, throughout the rehabilitation process.</li>
 	<li>Counseling and other behavioral therapeutic approaches constitute the most common elements of treatment.</li>
 	<li>For some substance use disorders, medications will be key elements of treatment alongside of behavioral therapies.</li>
 	<li>Medical detoxification, while important for many types of substance use disorder recovery, is only the first step in a process of rehabilitation.</li>
</ul>
Like many other chronic medical issues, there is no easy cure for addiction, though it can be successfully managed with ongoing treatment efforts.2 <a href="https://alcoholrehab.com/alcohol-treatment/">Successful substance abuse treatment</a> is multilayered and comprehensive. Generally, effective treatment is made-up of behavioral counseling, medication, substance abuse education, private and group therapy, and long-term follow-up to prevent relapse.2
<h2>What Is Inpatient Rehab?</h2>
In contrast with their outpatient counterparts, inpatient treatment programs allow for 24/7 supervision and support throughout the rehabilitation stay. Though the full range of treatment offerings may vary, many inpatient programs provide access to doctors, medical care, and other clinical services throughout their stay. Often, once a participant completes an inpatient treatment program, they may transition to relatively-less intensive levels of care in an outpatient setting to continue their recovery efforts.2

The length of treatment you receive will be determined by many factors including the severity of your addiction, any concurrent medical and mental health issues, as well as insurance coverage. To help determine an appropriate length of treatment, an addiction specialist or medical professional will first assess an individual’s specific needs. These factors can include:7 
<ul>
 	<li>The severity of alcohol and/or drug use, including the amount used, duration, and frequency.</li>
 	<li>Prior attempts at treatment including outcomes.</li>
 	<li>Underlying medical and mental health issues.</li>
 	<li>Amount of social support from friends and family.</li>
 	<li>Living environment.</li>
 	<li>Access to transportation.</li>
 	<li>Legal issues.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Are Detox and Inpatient Rehab the Same?</h2>
Detox and inpatient treatment, while both may take place at the same facility, are somewhat different concepts. A period of detoxification is often the first phase of many kinds of addiction treatment, including those that take place on either an outpatient or inpatient basis.

The term detox, as it pertains to addiction medicine, describes the treatment approaches used to manage any remaining intoxication as well as withdrawal. Professional detoxification efforts focus on keeping a person safe and comfortable as they rid themselves of the lingering toxic effects of chronic drug and alcohol use.8

Though they vary by substance, the often unpleasant developments associated with different types of withdrawal may include symptoms such as mood swings, confusion, sleep disturbances, body aches, gastrointestinal issues and, in more severe instances, health complications such as seizures.8

Especially for those at risk of severe or complicated withdrawal, detox under the supervision of medical professionals can be helpful in providing a safer and more comfortable process.8 In such instances, during a medical detox, you may be administered certain medications to help reduce the more serious <a href="https://alcoholrehab.com/drug-addiction/withdrawals/">risks of withdrawal</a>.8

In addition to the potential for added safety and comfort, a professional detox program can serve as an individual’s first point of contact with addiction treatment in general, helping to facilitate their transition from early withdrawal management into longer-term recovery work.8
<h2>How Effective Is Rehab Treatment?</h2>
A major goal of rehab is to help patients return to productive functioning in the family, workplace, and community following successful completion of treatment.9 Many individuals who complete treatment are able to stop using drugs or alcohol; improve their social, psychological and occupational functioning; and decrease their criminal activity.9

Additionally, treatment can help people examine potential vulnerabilities to relapse and build a plan for them to more effectively cope with stress, cravings, and other life challenges without the use of drugs and alcohol.9 And, though any treatment can provide much needed recovery help, the length of time in treatment may be significant, as longer treatment times are associated with relatively improved treatment outcomes.10 According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, most addicted individuals need at least 3 months of treatment to significantly reduce or stop their drug use.11

Treatment lengths don’t dictate the whole story, however. Treatment outcomes will also be influenced by the strength of the relationship between the patient and their treatment providers, the nature and extent of that patient’s problems, and the appropriateness of treatment in addressing those issues.9
<h2>How Common are Relapses in Substance Abuse?</h2>
It is important to understand that relapse can be a common occurrence in recovery despite completing a substance abuse treatment program.12 Addiction is a chronic condition much in the way that medical issues such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are.12

A relapse is said to have occurred when a person who had previously been making efforts to reduce or altogether avoid using drugs or alcohol returns to prior levels of use.13 Many things can contribute to a person relapsing, including stress at home or work, ongoing emotional and psychological issues, or problems with a person’s social support networks.13

It’s important to note that should a relapse occur, it does not necessarily mean that <a href="https://alcoholrehab.com/alcohol-recovery/">treatment failed</a>; rather, it should be taken as is an indicator that your treatment plan may need to be evaluated and modified to get your recovery efforts back on track to better prevent future relapses.11 Many treatment programs have a plan for relapse, with some offering discounted services or complimentary treatment for a specified length of time. Notifying your treatment provider of a relapse can be an essential first step in getting back on track.
<h2>Finding a Rehab Facility</h2>
If you or someone you care about is ready to seek help for addiction, American Addiction Centers (AAC) is ready to speak with you. Operator of AlcoholRehab.com, AAC is a nationwide provider of addiction treatment facilities.

Whether you’re ready to start treatment or just need to ask a few questions, our admissions navigators are available 24/7 to provide you with answers and address any concerns you may have. We are committed to making recovery accessible to everyone in need and accept many insurance plans or can work with you so that finances aren’t a roadblock to getting the help you need.

Call our hotline at [phone] to get your journey toward recovery started today; all calls are 100% confidential. Or fill out the form below to see if your insurance covers treatment with AAC.

<hr />
Not sure if your insurance covers alcohol treatment?
Check your insurance coverage or text us your questions for more information.
[vob-aktify-cta]


<hr />


[sources]

[1]. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2019). <a href="https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt29393/2019NSDUHFFRPDFWHTML/2019NSDUHFFR090120.htm#txc" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The National Survey on Drug Use and Health.</a>

[2]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2019). <a href="https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/treatment-approaches-drug-addiction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Treatment approaches for drug addiction drug facts</a>.

[3]. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2018). <a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/treatment-alcohol-problems-finding-and-getting-help" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Treatment for Alcohol Problems: Finding and Getting Help.</a>

[4]. American Society of Addiction Medicine. (2019. <a href="https://www.asam.org/Quality-Science/definition-of-addiction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Definition of Addiction</a>.

[5]. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2020). <a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/understanding-alcohol-use-disorder" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Understanding Alcohol Use Disorder</a>.

[6]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2020). <a href="https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/drug-misuse-addiction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">What is Drug Addiction?</a>

[7]. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2021). <a href="https://alcoholtreatment.niaaa.nih.gov/what-to-know/different-people-different-options" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Why do different people need different options?</a>

[8]. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2006). <a href="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma15-4131.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Detoxification and </a><a href="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma15-4131.pdf">Substance Abuse Treatment</a>. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 45. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 15-4131.

[9]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). <a href="https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/frequently-asked-questions/how-effective-drug-addiction-treatment" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">How Effective is Drug Addiction Treatment?</a>

[10]. Gerstein DR, Harwood HJ, et. al. (1990). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK235506/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The Effectiveness of Treatment</a>. Treating Drug Problems: Volume 1: A Study of the Evolution, Effectiveness, and Financing of Public and Private Drug Treatment Systems.

[11]. The National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). <a href="https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/principles-effective-treatment" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Principles of Effective Treatment</a>.

[12]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2005). <a href="https://archives.drugabuse.gov/publications/drug-abuse-addiction-one-americas-most-challenging-public-health-problems/addiction-chronic-disease" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Addiction is a Chronic Disease</a>. Drug Abuse and Addiction: One of America's Most Challenging Public Health Problems. 

[13]. Alcohol and Drug Foundation. (n.d.). <a href="https://adf.org.au/reducing-risk/relapse/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Relapse</a>.

[/sources]

Inpatient Drug and Alcohol Treatment

Substance abuse treatment helps people stop the compulsive use of drugs and alcohol while learning how to live life without substances. Rehab programs involve many treatment components and take many forms. Some people seek the help of professionals for detox and withdrawal management and rehabilitation to aid in their recovery; however, the path to recovery looks different for each person.

Not all rehabilitation programs are the sam­e­—a number of factors determine the duration, intensity, and specific services of treatment.
<h2>What is a 30-Day Alcohol Rehab Program?</h2>
A common type of recovery setting is a 30-day rehab program, which is generally within an inpatient medical or residential setting. Typically, treatment involves a mix of substance abuse education, private and group counseling, medications to treat symptoms of withdrawal and/or reduce cravings, and behavioral therapies to help individuals modify their attitudes and behaviors related to drug or alcohol use.1

Participants in an <a href="https://alcoholrehab.com/alcohol-treatment/">inpatient treatment program</a> may be monitored 24/7 by mental health, medical, and addiction professionals. Prior to treatment, patients will generally go through an intake evaluation process before the detoxification phase, which safely manages the acute symptoms of withdrawal.1 Following completion of detox, patients will move on to formal treatment to work toward recovery.

During inpatient treatment, a person can also expect to receive specialized treatment—such as individualized behavioral therapy with a licensed addiction and mental health professional—based on their specific needs. During education sessions, a trained addiction professional teaches about substance abuse, addiction, and strategies on how to prevent relapse and coping skills that don’t include taking drugs and ingesting alcohol.

In group therapy, individuals begin to process their addiction with their peers who share similar experiences. The insight gained in these groups helps patients work through some of the challenges they’ve experienced as a result of addiction.
<h2>Benefits of Inpatient Rehab for Addiction</h2>
Studies have associated longer treatment stays with improved treatment outcomes.1,2 Inpatient rehab addresses challenges associated with substance abuse in a safe and controlled environment. What’s more, patients can benefit from being surrounded by others who are experiencing the same thing. At the same time, an inpatient facility allows individuals to work toward recovery without the distractions and triggers of their everyday lives.10

An inpatient alcohol and drug rehab program can address each stage of substance abuse treatment with close medical monitoring incorporating medication as needed. With certain drugs, such as benzodiazepines, opioids and alcohol, detoxing can have uncomfortable and sometimes dangerous side effects.3,4 Because of this, detoxing within an inpatient or medically supervised setting can allow for better monitoring of patient comfort as well as help individuals with severe substance use disorders avoid severe or fatal complications.4,5

It is important to note that detox does not address any of the behavioral, psychological, or emotional components of addiction; that process begins following detox.6
<h2>Which Type of Rehab Is Best for Me?</h2>
There are a number of factors that help to determine the type of setting to meet your unique needs. A medical professional usually recommends the duration of your stay based on factors such as diagnosis, length of use, underlying mental health disorders, and medical issues.11

Substance use disorders (SUD) can range from mild to severe and are diagnosed by criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). For drug and/or alcohol disorders, at least 2 of the criteria must be met within the past year <a href="https://alcoholrehab.com/drug-addiction/">to be diagnosed with a SUD</a>. The more criteria that are met, the greater the severity of the SUD.

Only a physician, psychiatrist or other properly licensed medical or mental health professional can diagnose a substance use disorder, but we can look to the DSM to outline some warning signs of addiction:7
<ul>
 	<li>Having times when you used the substance more (or longer) than intended.</li>
 	<li>Wanting to stop or cut down on use but being unable to do so.</li>
 	<li>Spending a considerable amount of time getting drugs or alcohol or getting over the effects of them.</li>
 	<li>Using drugs or alcohol instead of participating in activities that are important or interesting to you or that once gave you pleasure.</li>
 	<li>Using drugs (or being high) has hindered your ability to meet home, school, or job obligations.</li>
 	<li>Continuing to use drugs or alcohol despite it causing problems with family or friends.</li>
 	<li>Needing more drugs or alcohol to achieve the desired effect (i.e., building a tolerance).</li>
 	<li>Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when the effects of the substance wear off, such as restlessness, sleeping, sweating, or racing heart.</li>
</ul>
Regardless of the severity of the addiction, which type of setting you may need and for how long, will be determined in conjunction with a medical professional or your addiction treatment team.
<h2>What Happens During a Typical Day in Rehab?</h2>
Inpatient rehab is very structured. A day generally begins at a wake-up time, followed by scheduled meals, individual therapy sessions, group therapy, meetings, and support groups. Time may be allotted for physical exercise, mindfulness/meditation, and activities such as art.

A typical day in treatment varies from facility to facility. Below is an example of what a <a href="https://americanaddictioncenters.org/residential-treatment-centers-sample-schedule">daily schedule</a> might look like:
<ul>
 	<li>7:00 a.m. Breakfast</li>
 	<li>7:45 a.m. Meditation</li>
 	<li>8:30 a.m. Physical Wellness Training</li>
 	<li>10:00 a.m. Behavioral Health Group</li>
 	<li>11:00 a.m. Relapse Prevention Group</li>
 	<li>12:00 p.m. Lunch and Reflection Time</li>
 	<li>1:00 p.m. Nutrition and Wellness Group</li>
 	<li>2:00 p.m. Private Therapy</li>
 	<li>3:00 p.m. Expressive Therapies in Recovery</li>
 	<li>4:00 p.m. Therapeutic Community Group</li>
 	<li>5:00 p.m. Dinner</li>
 	<li>6:30 p.m. Recovery Meeting</li>
 	<li>7:30 p.m. Clean &amp; Sober Structured Activities/Recreation</li>
 	<li>10:00 p.m. Lights Out</li>
</ul>
<h2>What to Look for in an Inpatient Rehab Center</h2>
When you’re ready to seek treatment, it is important to choose a facility that meets your needs. For instance, some providers tailor treatment programs for specific groups such as veterans or women. Some offer treatment for those with co-occurring mental health conditions, such as bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders or depression.12

When seeking a treatment facility, speaking with your medical or medical insurance provider is a good place to start. Gather as much information as you can and write down all the questions you may have; never be embarrassed to ask for further information or clarification. Some questions to consider are:8
<ul>
 	<li>Is treatment customized to the individual? Ask about their approach to treatment and if it is tailored or adapted to the individual. You’ll also want to ask if treatment plans will be revisited and adapted during treatment to meet your changing needs.</li>
 	<li>Are any specialized tracks offered? Some facilities offer specialized groups, living arrangements or treatment tracks. This could be gender-specific groups, LGBTQ+ tracks, faith-based approaches or veteran-focused care.</li>
 	<li>What are the treatment approaches the facility offers? It is important to know whether the facility relies on a single approach to treatment or provides a variety methods. For example, you will want to ask if medication is used during any stages of treatment or if co-occurring mental health disorders are addressed within treatment.</li>
 	<li>How does the facility handle relapse following completion of treatment? Relapse is a normal and common part of the recovery process. Some facilities may offer discounted treatment following a relapse or can work with you to restructure your treatment plan to help avoid another relapse in the future. You might also be offered an aftercare plan that includes therapy or attending mutual support groups.</li>
</ul>
Remember, your health, safety and sobriety are important and if you don’t feel heard or understood, you may want to seek out treatment at another facility. However, be aware that often times, your relationships with doctors, therapists, and other health professionals can develop over time.
<h2>Does Insurance Cover 30-Day Inpatient Rehab?</h2>
Prior to the Affordable Care Act (ACA), not everyone who wanted substance abuse treatment was able to receive it. The passing of ACA, however, mandated coverage of substance use treatment in major insurance plans and promoted the integration and coordination of substance use services with mainstream healthcare.9

Health insurance for substance abuse treatment may cover the below at approved facilities:
<ul>
 	<li>Inpatient or outpatient care.</li>
 	<li>Medical detox, including medications.</li>
 	<li>Co-occurring mental health conditions.</li>
 	<li>Follow-up counseling.</li>
 	<li>FDA-approved medications for opioid use disorder or alcohol use disorder.</li>
</ul>
There is a good chance that <a href="https://alcoholrehab.com/alcohol-treatment/paying-for-treatment/">your substance abuse treatment will be fully or partially covered by your insurance</a>; and you may have more coverage than you think. Typically, any medical services that are deemed unnecessary may not be covered such as extra services at upscale treatment centers (e.g., certain holistic care services, gourmet food, or other non-medical amenities).

Understanding your coverage can help put you at ease and empower you to make the life-changing decision of getting treatment for your addiction. Remember, help is available; you are not alone. Check your coverage instantly below!

<hr />
Not sure if your insurance covers alcohol treatment?
Check your insurance coverage or text us your questions for more information.
[vob-aktify-cta]


<hr />

<h2>Get Help for Alcoholism</h2>
If you’re ready to get help for addiction, American Addiction Centers (AAC) can help. Operator of AlcoholRehab.com, we offer a nationwide network of treatment facilities providing care for those struggling with drugs and/or alcohol.

Our team of nurses, therapists, case managers, psychiatrists, and more each play a crucial role in the rehabilitation process to ensure that your recovery is as comfortable and safe as possible. Because each person is unique, we personalize our treatment programs to fit your specific needs.

By working toward sobriety with us, we believe that you have created the most solid foundation for your long-term goals of abstinence and will be with you every step of the way from Day 1. Additionally, when you entrust us with your recovery and successfully complete 90 consecutive days at one of our facilities, we offer a complimentary 30 days in treatment in the event of a relapse.

To speak with one of our admissions navigators about your treatment options, call our hotline now at [phone]. We are available 24/7 to answer any questions you may have. And, there’s no obligation to make a decision when you call. Fill out the form below to see if your insurance covers treatment at AAC.


[sources]

[1]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). <a href="https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/principles-effective-treatment" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Principles of Effective Treatment</a>.

[2]. Herschman, P.L. &amp; Proctor, S.L. (2014). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4007701/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The continuing care model of substance abuse treatment: What works and when is “enough”, “enough”?</a> Psychiatry Journal, 1-46.

[3]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (n.d.). <a href="https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/nida_commonlyabused_withdrawalsymptoms_10062017-508-1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Commonly Abused Drugs and Withdrawal Symptoms.</a>

[4]. World Health Organization. (2009). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310652/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Clinical Guidelines for Withdrawal Management and Treatment of Drug Dependence in Closed Settings Withdrawal Management</a>.

[5]. Hugh Myrick, M.D., and Raymond F. Anton, M.D. (1998). <a href="https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh22-1/38-43.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal</a>. Alcohol Health &amp; Research World 22(1): 38-43.

[6]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). <a href="https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/drug-addiction-treatment-in-united-states/types-treatment-programs">Principles of drug addiction treatment: A research-based guide (third edition): Types of treatment programs</a>.

[7].  American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Substance Use Disorder. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Vol 5; 483-485.

[8]. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (n.d.). <a href="https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/treatment-alcohol-problems-finding-and-getting-help#5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Treatment for alcohol problems: Finding and getting help.</a>

[9]. Abraham, A.J., Andrews, C.M. &amp; Friedman, P.D. (2017). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5308192/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The affordable care act transformation of substance use disorder treatment</a>. American Journal of Public Health, 107(1), 31-32.

[10]. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2006). <a href="https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/sma15-4131.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">A Treatment Improvement Protocol, TIP 45</a>.

[11]. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2006). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64109/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">2 Settings, Levels of Care, and Patient Placement</a>. Detoxification and Substance Abuse Treatment.

[12]. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2018). <a href="https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/preface" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Drug addiction is a complex illness</a>.

[/sources]

Jacquelyn Buffo, MS, LPC, CAADC

About

Credentials

Profile

Authored Posts